By Day: Historical Events on April 13th (Today)

Pope Leo IX issues a papal bull excommunicating the Patriarch of Constantinople, Michael I Cerularius, sparking the Great Schism between the Eastern and Western Christian Churches.

Pope Paschal II crowns Henry V, Holy Roman Emperor, in Rome.

Pope Gregory IX issues the papal bull "Excommunicamus" against Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor.

King Louis IX of France is ransomed after being captured by the Egyptians during the Seventh Crusade.

King Louis IX of France is ransomed after being captured by the Egyptians during the Seventh Crusade.

Pope Sixtus IV consecrates the Sistine Chapel in the Vatican.

King Henry IV of France issues the Edict of Nantes, granting religious liberties to the Huguenots.

Henry IV of France is assassinated by François Ravaillac in Paris.

King Charles I of England disbands the Short Parliament.

The Battle of Bergen takes place during the Seven Years' War. The French army under de Broglie withstand an allied British, Hanoverian, Hessian, Brunswick army under Prince Ferdinand of Brunswick near Frankfurt-am-Main. More

The Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York City, opens to the public in the Dodworth Building at 681 Fifth Avenue. On November 20 of that same year, the Museum acquired its first object, a Roman sarcophagus. In 1871, 174 European paintings, including works by Anthony van Dyck, Nicolas Poussin, and Giovanni Battista Tiepolo, entered the collection. More

The Colfax massacre, sometimes referred to as the Colfax riot, occurs in Colfax, Louisiana on Easter Sunday. The parish seat of Grant Parish. An estimated 62–153 Black men were murdered while surrendering to a mob of former Confederate soldiers and members of the Ku Klux Klan. Three White men also died during the confrontation. More

The Apollo 13 oxygen tank explodes at almost 56 hours into the mission. - Oxygen tank no. 2 exploded, damaging oxygen tank no. 1 and the interior of the service module, blowing off the bay no. 4 cover. With the oxygen stores depleted, the command module was unusable, the mission had to be aborted, and the crew transferred to the lunar module and powered down the command module. More

The United States drops the "Mother of All Bombs" (MOAB), the largest non-nuclear bomb, on ISIS targets in Afghanistan. The device is officially known as the GBU-43/B Massive Ordnance Air Blast. More