By Day: Historical Events on March 18th

Roman Emperor Tiberius dies, and Caligula becomes Emperor.

Caligula, Roman Emperor, is assassinated, and Claudius becomes the new Emperor.

Nero, Roman Emperor, is given the title of Pontifex Maximus, the high priest of the College of Pontiffs.

Trajan becomes Roman Emperor after the death of Nerva, starting the golden age of the Roman Empire.

The Visigoths, led by Alaric, plunder Rome, marking the first time the city falls to invaders in over 800 years.

Frederick I Barbarossa becomes the Holy Roman Emperor.

Pope Innocent III places England under an interdict as part of the dispute with King John.

Mongol invasion of Central Asia: The Battle of the Kalka River takes place between the Mongol Empire and Kievan Rus.

Genghis Khan, founder of the Mongol Empire, dies.

The Mongols under Batu Khan capture the city of Vladimir, Russia.

Eleanor of Castile, wife of Edward I of England, dies.

Battle of the Golden Spurs: Flemish militia decisively defeat the French knights near Kortrijk, Belgium.

William Wallace, Scottish knight and leader of the resistance against England, is captured near Glasgow.

King Edmund of Woodstock, son of Edward I of England, is executed by order of Roger Mortimer, the de facto ruler of England.

Treaty of Salynas: The Teutonic Order cedes Samogitia to the Grand Duchy of Lithuania.

Ferdinand Magellan sights the Philippines.

British forces capture Montreal during the French and Indian War.

The British Parliament repeals the Stamp Act.

Henry Wells and William George Fargo found the Wells, Fargo & Company to handle the banking and transportation business prompted by the nescient California Gold Rush. After several mergers and acquisitions, Wells Fargo is now a major multinational financial services company.

The United States Senate rejects the Treaty of Versailles for the second time, preventing U.S. entry into the League of Nations.

The French - Algerian war or the the War of Algerian independence comes to an end with the signing of a peace agreement to end the seven-year Algerian War and bringing an end to 130 years of colonial French rule in Algeria. Between 500,000 and a million Algerians had been killed, out of an estimated population of just three million before the war. French losses were also high; between 150,000 and 200,000 French soldiers lost their lives, with the vast majority of them dying in hospitals. More